蝴蝶兰的病害防治

hudielanyu1750nianfaxian，yifaxianqishiduogeyuanshengzhong，daduoshuchanyuchaoshideyazhoudiqu。zaizhongguotaiwanhetaiguo、feilvbin、malaixiya、yindunixiyadengdidouyoufenbu。qizhongyitaiwanchuchanzuiduo。hudielanshushizhumingdeqiehuazhonglei，hudielanshidanjingxingfushenglan，jingduan，yeda，huajingyizhishumei，gongxing，huada，yinhuaxingsidiedeming。qihuaziyoumei，yansehuali，weiredailanzhongdezhenpin，you“lanzhonghuanghou”zhimeiyu。hudielandebinghaifangzhi？

蝴蝶兰的病害防治

hudielankaihuazhuyaoshouwenduyingxiang。huayafenhuaxuyaodiwenciji。zairijian20～23℃yejian18℃yixiadiwen（danbukezhangshijiandizhi15℃yixia）cijiyiyuehoujikeshijingneideqianfuyazhuanhuaweihuaya。cihoudanghuayatupobiaopizhangweihuagenghou，jiuxuyaojiaogaowendu，yizhengchangdeshengzhangwenduweiyi，chixudiwenhuizhishihuagengchoufahuanman，huaduopianxiaoshenzhizhongtuweiyan。kaihuaqishidangzengjiarizhaoyouzhuyuhuadaseyantizaokaihua。hudielanbingchonghaifangzhihudielanbinghaidefashengdaduoyinweihuanjingjiweishengbujiadaozhi，youqishizaidiwenhuorizhaobuzushitebierongyichanshengbinghai，dingshidehuanjingqingsaojiwenshikongzhi、bingzhukuaisuyichukefangzhidabufendebinghaifashengjichuanbo。hudielandebinghaiyibankefenweixijun、meijun、kunchong、huanjingchansheng。

发病情形及防治方法如下：

细菌性病害

cileibinghaiyikaishiduoyuneibuzuzhifanzhi，erhoumanyanyuyemianjizhutibiaomianshang，changjianzhengzhuangyoufenmizhiyejifulan，duoyinjiaoshuiguolianghuojingyoukunchonghuozhizhujiandejiechuchuanran。heifubingzhengzhuang：weilanzhuchangjiandejibing，hudielanhuobingtongchangquanzhukuilanersi，shixiangdangyanzhongdebinghai。fangzhifangfa：xutebiezhuyiwenshitongfeng，yexushidangdiaojiangwendu。ruoyoulanzhufashengcibingxubimianpensashuifen，bimianbingqingyanman。yingyishajunfenpensayufangweihuobinglanzhu，bingjinkuaijiangbingzhuyichu。

褐腐病症状

keshuoshilanbingzhongxiangdangnanchulidedeyizhongbinghai，chuqiyuzhutihuoyemianchanshengdansebandian，suihoujianjianbiannongzhuanchengshenhese，bingrangzhutichanshengzhouzhe。hefubingfabingyanshenxiangdangkuai，congchubufabingzhizhouzhechanshengfashengfulanzhixuyirishijian，tongchangzaoshangranbingwanjianjikaishifulan，shixiangdangmafandehudielanbinghai。hefubingdaduofashengzaikongqishidugaodehuanjing，youyichunxiashijiezuiyifabing，cishishikongqishidujiaogao，lanzhushengzhangjiaokuaideshijian，yidanlanzhudebingyishizhouweilanhuayitonghuobing。fangzhifangfa：hefubingyifashengyukongqishidugaodehuanjing，ruoshiyoulanzhufaxianbingzhuangxutingzhijiaoshui，bingqiejiangfabingbufenjianchu，bingshiyishajunyaowu，ruoshibingqingyanzhonghuoyoubingkuangkuodayilvkejiangbingzhuyichuhuogeli。ruoqitalanzhuyouranbingfengxiankeyishajunfenpensayufang，chunxiashishiduyiyaoyangekongzhi，bingqiebaochilanyuantongfengjihuanjingqingjie。

霉菌

huanjingshidubianhuataidahuoshiturangjiyangyefeifeiliyinsuyinqizhizhushousun，fashengmeijungongjilanzhuzuzhi。jiangdiguangaishuieczhi、jianshaojiezhishuifenshichangjiandezhiliaofangfa。lingwailanhuahuabanshangdehuimeibingyeshumeijunbingbian，huizailanhuaduoshangxingxiaobandian，zheizhongbingbiandeyuanyinzaiyuguoyuchaoshihuoshixiangduishidutaigao，xujinxingwenshidukongguan。

斑点病症状

 daduofabingyudeyeshang，chuqiyemianhuichanshengyuanxingheihesebandian，bandianzhujiankuosanzuihoudaozhilanzhufulan，shuyujunbingyizhong，duofashengyuqiudongdiwenchaoshiqietongfengbuliangzhihuanjing。fangzhifangfa：zheizhongbingbianduofashengzaidiwenchaoshiqietongfengbuliangzhihuanjing，fangzhifangfashouzhonggaishanchaoshibingbaochiyemianganzao，zaihanlengtianhoujinliangshaojiaoshui，bingqietigaohuanjingwendubingbaochitongfeng，wushichaoshishuifenzhiliuyuzhutishang。yekubingzhengzhuang：yekubingzaichuqihuiyuyejiankaishibianse，suihouzhujianmanyanzhiquanyejiquanzhu，zuihouzhengzhulanhuachengshenhese，shouhailanzhuzhutiyingsi。zheizhongbingbianyiyinhuanjingguoyuchaoshidaozhi，xuzhuyishidukongzhi。

防治方法

zhuyilanyuandeshidukongzhi，gaishantongfengyeshixuyaotebiezhuyichu。ruoyoufabingyilvkepensashajunfenyufang，yihuobinglanhuaxujinkuaiqiechugelibimianzaiqingkuoda。

huanjingyinqideshengliyichang huabaodiaoluozailanhuakaihuawanhou，ruoshiguangxianguoqiangshiwenwendutaigao，rongyifashenghuaqiweijieshujituoluoxianxiang。ruoshilanhuagenbufazhanbuliangyeyoukenengzaocheng。hudielanhuabaodiaoluoxucongyishangliangdianzheshouchuli。bandianlanhuachanshengbandianbuyidingshibingjunwenti，youshiguangxianguoqianghuoshihuanjingshiyingbuliangyehuichanshengxiangtongzhengzhuang，xuzhuyihuanjingzhibianhua，youqishizhutiqianyishiyixutebiezhuyi。

病害管理

shidangdeweishengchuliyumeizhouquchuranbingdezhizhuzekefangzhidabufendebinghaichuanbo。xijundeganranzhuyaoshiyouyushuidifeijianzaizhiwutishang，huoshiyunsongguochengshoudaoyingxiang。zheizhongbinghaiwufashiyonghuaxueyaojijiayikongzhi。gezhongbinghaiyuchuanbofangshiruxia：

1．细菌性病害

xijunxinghebanbingshihudielanzuiyanzhongdebinghai。bingzhengzaiyuyepianchuxianzongsebandian。youyouzhuanghuoxinzangxingzhuang，eryouhuangsexingzhuangwuweirao。chulifangshibaokuodiaozhengshifeiyededanliang，quchubingzhuyuweichiwendingdexiangduishidu。huaxueyaojiduiyucizhongbinghaibingwuzuoyong。caiyongshengzhangzhuangkuanglianghao，jiankangdezhizhucainengbimiancizhongxijunxingwenti。

2．霉菌

jiezhizhongshuifenbianhuataidahuoshibushihedeeczhidouyinqigenbushousun，yincicushimeijungongjizuzhi。duifufangfashijiangdiguangaishuieczhi，bingqiezanshijianshaojiezhihanshuilv。

3．灰霉病菌

lingyizhongmeijunyinqidebinghaishihuabanshangdehuimeibing，zaihuaduoshangxingchengxuduoxiaobandian。fashengdeyuanyinzaiyuzhiwuchuyuchaoshizhuangtaitaijiuhuoshixiangduishidutaigao。

4．镰刀菌

liandaojunyinqiheisesanjiaoxingdebandian，zaijibuyepianxingchenghuangse、anhongse。yepianjiangxunsudiaoluo。genbuchuyujishuizhongrongyifashengcibinghai。

常见病例

1．叶斑病

zhuyaofashengzaiyepianshang，fabingchuqiyepianshangchuxianxiaobandian，yihoufazhanchengjinyuanxingdebingban，bingbanbianyuanyoushuizizhuanghuangsequan，jiexianmingxian。fangzhifangfa：jiaqiangtongfeng，jiangdikongqishidu，jianchubingye。fabingqiyong75%debaijunqingkeshixingfenji800beiyepensa，mei10tianpen1ci，lianpen3ci。

2．灰霉病

fashengzaichunjidiwengaoshishi，yibanzaibaihuahuabanshangchuxianhesedexiaobandian，yanzhongshifashengruanfuxianxiang。fangzhifangfa：jiaqiangtongfeng，jiangdishidu，lijijianchufabinghuaduo。fabingchuqiyong75%jiajituobujinkeshixingfenji1000beiyepensa，mei10tianpen1ci，lianpen2ci。

3．褐斑病

fashengzaixiaqiugaowenduoshitianqi，zhuyaofashengzaiyepianshang，fabingchuqiyepianchuxianyuanxingxiaobandian，yihouzhujiankuodachengdaban，bingbanheihese，yanzhongshiyepianbianheikuwei。fangzhifangfa：zhuyitongfeng、touguang。fabingchuqiyong10%baolian（duokangmeisu）80beiyemeibanyuepensa1ci。

4．介壳虫

hudielanzuichangjiandechonghai，duofashengzaiqiudongji，shineitongfengbuchang，ganzaodaozhijieqiaochongweihai。fangzhifangfa：zhuyitongfeng，lanzhubaifangbuyiguomi，faxianshaoliangshikeyongruanbucaxijieqiaochong，fanfujicikegenchuchonghai。

5：软腐病

（1）发病症状

xijunxingruanfubingyiweihaibianye、xinye、yeqiao、jijingweizhu，weihaibianyeshi，xianzaiyepianzhengmianchuxianlvdouda、yuanxing、shuizizhuangbandian，kuozhansudutekuai，tiaojianshiyishijing5～8hnengxunsukuozhanchengzhijing3～4cmyuanxingshuizi、lanban，jinermanyanchengpianzhuangnaizhiquanye，shiyepianruanfu，yerouruanfuhoucanliusizhuangyemai，bingyichunongyangziye，sanfachulanpingguoqiwei。weihaiyeqiaoshi，congbaojingmokaishiyanyemaixiangshang，shiyepianjububianhuang，kuozhanhouyeqiaolianyejibufenbianseruanfu，zhengpianyepiantuoluo。xinyefabinghebianyefabingzhengzhuangjibenxiangtong，yanzhongshiliantongjijingyitongfulan，zhenggezhizhusiwang。

（2）发病原因

2.1pengshizhongfuliyong，bingjunjishuda

 yinqiruanfubingdebingjunyouxijunhezhenjun2zhong，tamendouzaiturang、zacao、bomiaochuang、zhongmiaoshangyuedong，jingfengyuchuanbo，congshangkouheqikongqinru，tiaojianshiyishijunkefabing，chengweichushibingzhudezhuyaoqinranyuan。bingjunjishuyueda，dangnianbinghaifabingchengduyuezhong。hudielanduocaiyongwenshidapengwutuzaipei，youyupengshizhongfuliyong，shineiturang、miaochuang、panbo、qiangbishangdoujicunyoudaliangbingjun，shigaibingyinianzhongyuyinian。jishishixinpeng，youyucongyiquyinzhong，zhongmiaobenshendaijun，yechengweigaibingyuanjulichuanbodezhongyaotujing。

2.2高温高湿

juguancha，wenduchaoguo26℃、shiduchaoguo60%shi，zhiwukaishifabing，suizhewendu、shidudezengjiabingbankuozhanxunsu，chuanbosudujiakuai[2]。wenshidapengzaibaowendetongshi，yezengjialepengneishidu，tebieshixiaqiujijie，shidujiejinbaohe，wenduyedadagaoyushiwaiwendu，jishiyoufengjitongfengheshuilianjiangwen，baitianwendurengzai30℃yishang，yejianyezai27～30℃。shuilianzaijiangwendetongshi，youzengjialepengneishidu。yinci，wenshineijiaoshiwaigengjufabingtiaojian。jiaoshuishi，jianqideshuizhujiyibabingzhushangdebingjunxiangzhouweichuanbo，xingchengyilaobingzhuweizhongxindefabingzhongxinqu。fengjizaitongfengdetongshi，youjiasuleshineishiqiliudong，jiakuailebingjunzaipengneidekuosan。tongshi，youyuyejianshidugengda，bingbankuozhansuduhezhizhufabinglvdadagaoyubaitian。yiyejianxiaobanbianchengdaban，jianzhubianchengbingzhu。zhizhupinxijianganbingchengduyouhendachayi。yibandayepinzhongjiaoganbing，yemianladuhoudejiaokangbing，weikaihuadezhizhujiaokangbing，kaiguohuadezhizhujiaoganbing，hongbaoshipinzhongzuiganbing，taicunhongtianshi、shihuazuanshibukangbing。

（3）防治措施

3.1zuohaopengshiyuzhongmiaoxiaodugongzuo

 chunjipengshiguomiaoqian，tebieshizhongfuliyongdewenpeng，yidingyaochedijinxingxiaodu，yichanchuyuedongbingjun，jianshaobingjunjishu。yaojikeyong40%fumeishen100beiye，huowulvfenna200beiyeshineipenwu，yekesashengshihui500g/㎡jinxingdimianxiaodu，shiyaohoumenpeng3～4d。xinqubimiandaoyiquyinjinzhongmiao，bingzhuyixinyinjinzhongmiaodejianyanjianyigongzuo，jinpenghoulijiyong10%duoxiushuishuiji800beiyepenwumiejun，lianxupen2～3ci。ganbingpinxiyingheqitapinxifenkaipeiyu，yibimiantongshitongchuangpeiyu，jianshaojiaochaganran。

3.2加强水肥管理

hudielanshixushuiliangduodehuahui，danshijiaoshuiliangguoda、guoqin，botineijizhihanshuiliangguoduo，zhangqichuyubaohezhuangtai，tongqixingcha，rongyiyinqilangen，yingxiangzhizhujianzhuangshengzhang，jiangdikangbingxing。meicijiaoshuishiyingzuodaoganganshishi，buganbujiao，huanshuimanjiao，fangzhishuijiandaoyepianshang。yishuigangshendaobodijizhiweiyi。yibanyishangwujiaoshuiweihao，bimianbangwanjiaoshuiheyepiandaishuiguoye，shuiwenjinliangheshiwenjiejin。duijizhizhangqiguoshimiao，kequchubodailiangmiao。hudielanshifeiyibandoushijiehejiaoshuijinxing。shifeiyingzunxunbofeiqinshi，yifuhandanlinjiadefuhefeiheyoujifeiweiyi，youmiaoqikeshihandansugaodefuhefei，cuihuaqishilinjiasugaodefuhefei，xiajigaowenfabingqihaikezengshigai、meidengweiliangyuansu。

3.3jiangdipengshiwen、shidu，jiaqiangxunyuan

hudielanshengzhangzuishiwenduzai25～30℃，zuishishiduzai60%～70%，danshixiajipengneiwenshidudouhuidadachaoguocijiexian，jiagaishuangcengzheyinwang，budankejiangdipengneiwendu，haikefangzhiqiangguangzhuoshangyepian。wuchoufengtiaojiandejianyipengyingjiekaizhoubianpengbujiangwenjiangshi。zhuangyoufengjishuiliandewenshi，tebieyingzhuyijianshaowanjianshuilianlinshuishijianeryanzhangchoufengshijian。miaochuangzhongmiaobuyaobaifangguomi，yaoliuyouyidingdezhuxingju，bimianyepianjiaochazhongdie，yilitongfengtouguang，weizhizhujianzhuangshengzhangchuangzaolianghaodexiaoqihou。jingchangbaochipengneiqingjieweisheng，zuodaopengneiwuzacaohecanzhubingye。congfabingchukaishi，meitianjianchixunyuan2～3ci，jishifaxianbingzhu，zhaichubingye，duibingbanxiaodebingye，kezailibingban4～5cmdejianbujianchu。quanyefulanyingliantongyeqiaocheditichu。bingyeyingjishidaichupengwaishenmai。duibingcanzhujishigeli，fangzhifufaganran。suoyongjian、daojuyeyaojinxingqingdu，fangzhirenweichuanbo。

3.4药剂防治

duixijunxingruanfubing，congfabingchukaishi，meige7～10dlunpencaijunqing600beiyehuonongyonglianmeisu3 000～4 000beiye，duizhenjunxingruanfubingkeyong80%jiabentuobujinhuo80%daisenmengxin800～1 000beiye，lianxupen2～3ci。penwuyaojunyun，zuodaoyemiandishuibinglinshijibu。penyaoshiyi15～16shijieshuweihao，yibianzaiyemulailinqianliangganyemianshuiye，jiangdipengneiheyemianshidu。