艺术插花的色彩设计 送花礼仪

　　yishuchahuajiyaoyouyoumeidezaoxing，youyaoyoumingyansecai，liangzhejunshigouchengyoumeixingxiangdezhuyaoyinsu。raner，zaiyibandeshenmeizhongwangwanghuipianzhongyusecai，huozheshuo，secaidemeizuiyibirenmensuojieshou。makesiren《zhengzhijingjixuepipan》zhongcengshuo：“secaideganjueshiyibanmeiganzhongzuidazhonghuadexingshi”。

色彩的基本要素

　　secaishiyizhongwulixianxiang。zairiguangdezhaoshexia，gezhongwutibabunengxishouderiguangfanshechulai。youyugezhongwutixishoukouguangdechengdubutong，xingchenglegezhongbuwendesecai。youqishiqihuayihui，gengshinongyuxianyan、wucaibinfen。taiyangguangyibankefenchenghong、cheng、huang、lv、qing、ziliuzhongsexiang。

　　zaiwutiduiseguangdexishouyufanshedezuoyongxia，womenrouyankeyifenbianchuwutisuochengxiandesecai。lirujiandaobaisewuti．shuomingseguangquanbubeifanshe．jiandaoheisedewuti，shuomingseguangquanbubeixishou．ruoshiduimeizhongseguangdouyoubufenxishouyufanshe，jiushihuisedewuti。dangwomenlaidaohuayuanlideshihou，honghua、lvyeshifenmeili。honghuadeguyouseshihongse．shiyinweidayangguangzhongdecheng、huang、lv、qing、zidengwuzhongseguangjibenbeihonghuasuoxishou．erbahongguangfanshechulaidejieguo。lvyeyishiruci，fanshechulvguang，shixishouleqitawuzhongseguangdejieguo。

　　huadehongyuyedelv，yijibaiheheidouzuxiangduieryande，shisecaizongdeqingxiang，ziranjiezhongjueduidechunseshimeiyoude。ruoduihonghuazuoyiguancha，bunanfaxian，huachulefanshehongseguangwai、duiqitaseguangyeyoubutongchengdudefanshe，zhishihongseguangdechengfenzhanyoujueduideyoushieryi。yourulvye，youyushengzhangdehuanjingheweizhidebutong，suofanshechulaidelvdesedu、sexinghechunduyehuiyouxuduoweimiaodebianhua，youlengnuan、minganhechundudechabie，jiushiyipianyezidezhengmianyubeimian，suobiaoxianchudelvseshenqianchayiyehenda。guangdefanshejiuyibaneryan．zhidicucao、yanseshendewutixishoudeduo，fanshedeshao。fanzhi，zhidiguanghua、yansedandewutiduiseguangxishoudeshao，fanshededuo。youcikejian，secaiyifangmianjieguangerchengxian，lingyifangmian，youyifuyuwutiercunzai，liangzheshibukefengedezhengti，que—buke。wulunwutidezhidiruhe，dounengbiaoxianjutidesecai，erlikailejutidewuti，jiumeiyoujutidesecaikeyanle。guangyuwusuoxingchengdezhongzhongsecai，zhuyaoyousangejibentezheng：sexiang、chundu、mingdu。

　　sexiang，shigezhongjutisecaidemingcheng，huozheshuoshisecaidexiangmao。liru，taiyangguangzhongdehong、cheng、huang、lv、qing、zideng．meigemingchengdoubiaoshiyizhongyansedesexiang。sexiangzhuyaoshiyonglaiqufengezhongbutongdeyanse，zengqiangduisecaidebianbienengli。keguanshijiesecaifengfu，bianhuawanqian，rouyansuonengshibiedeshifenyouxian。yinci，zaiguanchasexiangshiyaoshanyubijiao，peiyangshibienengli，bianyuzaichahuashizhengquerenshiheliyongsecai。

　　chundu，zhideshiyansechunjingchengduhebaohechengdu。zaikejianguangzhongdegezhongdanseguangshizuichundeyanse，weijixianchundu。chunduyuegao．yanseyuexianming。dangchunjingdeyansechanruhei、bai、huidengqitasecaishi，qiyansedechundujiuchanshengbianhua，chanrudeyueduo，chundujiangdeyuedi。wutisecaidechunduyubaoheduyouguan，yuwutibiaomianjiegouyeyouguan。wutibiaomianjiegoucucao，guangxiandemanfanshezuoyongjiangshisecaidechundujiangdi。wutidebiaomianjiegouguanghua，secaidechundujiubijiaogao。

　　mingdu，shizhisecaideminganchengdu。baohanliangzhongyisi：qiyishitongyisexiangshouguanghouyouyuwutishouguangdeqiangruobuyi，chanshenglegezhongbutongdemingancengci。qiershizhiyansedebenshenmingdu，ruhong、cheng、huang、lv、qing、ziliuzhongbiao zhunsehuxiangbijiaodeshenqiandu。tongyilvse，shouguangdeqiangruo、jiaoduheliangbubutong，huichanshengminglv、lv、anlvdengbutongdemingdu。butongdeyansezhong．huangsedemingdujiaogao，jinciyubaise；zisedemingdujiaodi．jiejindingheise。chahuashi，buwenmingdudesecaixiangpei．nengshihuamianfuyoubianhua，zengqiangcengcigan。buwenmingdudetongyisecaipeihezaiyiqi，yenengshichahuadezhengtiganzengqiang。

色彩的视觉效果

　　renmenduisecaideshijueganshou，zhuyaolaiyuanyusedeyuansehesedehunhexingshi。

　　secaidesanyuanseshiqizhongrenhe—sedoubunengyoulingwailiangzhongyuansehunhechanshengde．erqitasekeyiyouzheisanseanyidingbilipeihechulai。ziranjiedejingwuzaiguangxianzhaoshexiaxianshichuqianbianwanhuadesecai，doushiyouzheisanzhongyuanseguangzuheerchengde。seguangdesanyuanseshihong、lv、lan．jiangseguanghunhehuibianliang，weizhijiasefahunhe。zaihuihuazhongchenghong、huang、lansanzhongyanseweisanyuanse，ruojiangsansehunhehuibianshen．chengzuojiansefahunhe。huahuisuiranmeiyouneimebiaozhundesanyuanse，dankeyijiejinmouyizhongyanseerlun。

　　chuyuansezhiwai．haiyouzhongjiansehefusezaichuangzaobinfendeshijie。suoweizhongjianse，shiliangzhongyuansefenliangxiangdenghuobudengxianghunhedesecai。fuse．jiushilianggezhongjiansexianghunhehuozhesanyuansexianghunhesuodedesecai。buse，zeweisanyuansexiangduiyingdeseguang。huangduizhelan，huangweilandebuse；pinhongduizhelv，pinhongweilvdebuse，qingduizhehong，qingweihongdebuse。buseyejiaohubuse，jiushilianggexiangduidesehubu。yinci，huangyulan、pinhongyulv、qingyuhongdouhuweibuse。bingliezaiyiqi，secaideduibifeichangxianming。

　　liangzhongyuansebingliezaiyiqi，nengjirenyizhongxianyanmingkuaideganjue；liangzhongzhongjiansebingliezaiyiqi，secaibijiaohuian。yuanseyuzhongjiansebingliezaiyiqixiaoguojiaojia，shileisise。secaidebianhuashizhujianguodu，xianderouhe、xiediao；ruoshihubuse，rongyiqudexianmingduibidexiaoguo。

　　hubudeliangsebinglieshixianghupaichi，duibiqianglie。secaichengxiantiaoyue、xianmingdexiaoguo。yinci，buseguanxiyunyongdehao，jiangshichahuasecaimingliang，shengqibobo，shengdongdituochuzhuti。xiangfanbuseguanxirubuzhuyisecaidexiediaohehuatisekuaidaxiaodeanpai，yehuichanshengshengying、huoqidebibing。

secaijuyoulengnuandeshijuexiaoying。zairendeshenglifanyingshang，secaideshenqianyoushousuoyukuozhangdeganjue。ruhong、huangyourelie、xingfendeganjue，suoyiwomenbahonghehuangyijiqingxianghong、huangdeyansechengweinuansediao；lansekanshangquanjing、hanleng，guerbalanseheqingxiangyulansedechengweilengsediao。hongyulanchuyulengnuansedelianggejiduan。lvyuzijuzhong，shizhongxingse，pianhongdejunweinuanse。pianlandejunweilengse。jin、yin、hei、bai、huiwusezaisecaiganjueshangyeshuyuzhongxingse，keyiyurenheyansediaohe，qidaohuanchong、xiediaozuoyong。zheiduitiaoxuanhuaqidesecaihenyoubangzhu。

艺术插花的配色

　　1．huahuisecaidexingchenghezuoyong

　　zaiziranjiezhong，dabufenzhiwuyezidexibaoli，douhanyoulvsedesesu。womenzhidaodangriguangtongguosanlengjinghouhuifenchengliuzhongkejianyansedeguangpu。ruguorangliuseguangzaitongguoyelvsurongyeertoushedaobaisedeyinmushang，cishicongyinmushangdeguangpulikeyifaxian：zaihongseguangkaojinchengseguangjilanseguangdebufen，youyitiaohenkuandeheisedai，erlvsebufenrengshilvse。zheishuomingyelvsuxishouguangxianshiyouxuanyangde。

　　lvsenengyouxiaodiliyongtaiyangguang，zheishizhiwuzaizhangqideziranxuanzeguochengzhong，jinhuadejieguo。tongshi，zhiwuweileshiyingziranshengtaihuanjingdexuyaoheshoudaobenshenzhiti、sesudeyizhi，xingchenglegezhongbutongyansedezhiyehuaguo。zaibutongzhongleidezhiwutizhong，suohanyelvsudebilibutong，qiyansedeshenqianjiuyouchayi。youyixiezhiwutinei。hanyouyehuangsuhehuluobusu。nengshizhiwuchenghongsehuochengse，tamenzhuyaocunzaiyuhuabanhuoguoshizhong。youxiezhiwudeyezizaiqiujiluoshiqianbianhuang，jiushiyinweishiquleyelvsu，zhishengxiayehuangsuhehuluobusudejieguo。

    zhiwutineihaicunzaizheyizhonghuaqingsu，jiaoduodicunzaiyuhuaban、guoshizhizhong。xianhuashengkaisuochengxianchudeyixiehongsehelansedeng，wangwangshihuaqingsuoqidezuoyong。huaqingsudeyansesuizhezhiwuxibaoyedesuanjianxingbutongeryoubianhua。xibaoyeweisuanxingshi，huachenghongse；xibaoyeweijianxingshi，huachenglanhuozise。yongbaxianhuazuosuanjiandubianhuashiyan，xiaoguoshifenmingxian。

　　huaguanjuhuaedeneifang，secaifeichangxianyan．weizhiwuzhongzuiweixianzhudebuwei，yeshizuifuyoubianhuadebuwei。huaguanyansezhuyaoshixibaozhonghuaqingsuhezasetiqidezuoyong．huadehongse、lanse、ziselaiyuanyuhuaqingsu；huadehuangse、chenghuangselaiyuanyuzaseti；bujusesudebufenweibaise。youyuhuazhongcunzaizheduozhongsesu。gezhonghuadesesuzuheqingkuanggeyousuoyi，sesucunzaideduoshaoyeyoubianhua，suoyihuaduokaifangshihuichuxiantianguangshise、banlanduocaidejingxiang。

　　huahuisuizhesijigengtiheshenglihuodongdexuyao，jinxingzhexinchendaixie，secaiyesuizhibianhua。huacongbeileichuzhandaokuweidiaoling，yepiancongxinyayecuidaokuhuangluodi，yansedoushizaibuduandebianhua。—banshuolai，chufangdehuasenongyuxianyan，suihouyansezhujianbiandan，zuihoushiquyuanyoumeilideseze。chufangdeyechengnenlvsebingdaiyouehuangse．zhujianchengxianchumolvse．daoshengzhangmoqizhuanhuang。guoshiyeshiruci，congzifangpengdadaoguoshichengshu，secaiyouyigebianhuaguocheng。huahuidezheizhongshenglitezheng，weiwomenchahuatigonglefengfudeziyuan，tongshixianzhilehuacaidecaizhaishijian。

　　2．插花器皿的色彩

　　chahuaqimindezhongleihenduo，gezhonghuaqidouyouzishendesecaitedian，zaijiashangrenweidezhesebianhua．secaigengshifanzaduobian。chahuaqiminzhidiyoucuxizhifen、ruanyingzhibie、duiguangdexishouyufanshechengduyouhendadequbie，yansechayiyehenda。fanshizhidixijie、guanghuadewuzhi，rujinshu、boli、ciqi，duiguangdefanshejiaoqiang；zhidicucaodewuzhi，rucutao、muqideng，duiguangdefanshejiaoruo。youcikejian．qiminzhididuichahuasecaiyingxianghenda。

　　yongtao、cizhichengdehuaqishiwomenchahuachangyongdeqimin，qibenshenyeshigongrenmenxinshangdeyishupin，youxuduoqitedesediao，ruqingci、tangsancai、jihong、sanyangkaitaidengdeng。

　　huaqisecaidefengfuduobian，duichahualaishuo，wuyishishifenyoulide，danshiruhuaqisecaixuanzebutuo，yehuizaochengzhenggezuopindeshibai。liru，yongfencaihuahuihua、renwutuanzuohuamiandehuaping，jiuqibenshensecaipeizhilaishuo，yexushishifenjingmeide，danyuhuahuixiangpei，huizaochengxuanbinduozhudejumian。suoyi，womenzaihuaqisecaidexuanzeshang，shualizuyujianjie、tong—．mei—jianhuaqizhiyaoqiucunzai—、erzhongyanse．huoshijigejiandansekuaizuhedehuaqi，bunengshiyonghuoshaoshiyongneixiemiaojinfufengdehuaqi。

　　suizhexiandaigongyicailiaodefaxian，chahuaqiminyoulehendadefazhan。ruboli、suliaozhipin，secaixianyanduobai，juyouxianmingdeshidaiqixi。danyaozhuyiyuhuahuidehelipeizhi，buranyizaochengyongsuzhitai。yongbensedezirancailiaozhichengdehuaqi，ruzhubian、caobian、tengbianhemuqideng，gupoyazhi，secaijianjie、dafang，shifenyingherenmendeshenmeixuyao。ruozaizheixiehuaqishangjiayizhese，yenengrangrengandaojingqiaohuamei。

　　3．chahuasecaideshejihepeizhi

　　chahuadeyongse，bujinshiduizirandexieshi，erqieshiduiziranjingsedekuazhang，keyisuizhechahuazaoxingdexuyaojinxingbianhua。chahuashiyongdesecai．shouxianshuafucongzuozhesuoyaobiaodadeqingqu．huoxianyanhuamei．huoqingdansuya。qici．chahuasecaiyaojingdeqikan．yuankanshijinrushijuedeshichahuadezongtisediao。zongtisediaobutuchu．huamianxiaoguojiuruo，zuopinrongyichuxianzaluangan，erqiequefatese。jinkanchahuashi，yaoqiusecaisuobiaoxianchudeneironggexingtuchu，zhucifenming。

　　chahuasecaidepeizhi，jutikeyicongsangefangmianjinxingyanjiu：yishihuahuiyuhuahuizhijiandesecaiguanxi；ershihuahuiyurongqizhijiandesecaiguanxi，sanshichahuayuhuanjing、jijiezhijiandesecaiguanxi。zheisanfangmiandeguanxiruonengzhengquezhangwo．chahuapeisejiunengdexinyingshoule。

　　huahuiyuhuahuizhijiandesecaiguanxi．keyiyongduozhongyanselaidapei，yekeyiyongdanzhongyanse，yaoqiupeihezaiyiqideyansenenggouxiediao。ruyonglameihuayuxiangyahongliangzhonghuacaihecha，yigemanzhijinhuang，lingyigexianhongruxue，secaixiediao，huiyingchengqu，gengzhongyaodehaizaiyuyihonghuaweizhu，huanghuaweibu．yuanyuanwangquhonghuaruhuorutu，huanghuaxingguang，diandiantongguohuazhixiangwaifushe。

　　chahuazhongqingzhilvyeqizhehenzhongyaodefuzuozuoyong。zhiyeyougezhongxingtai，youyougezhongsecai，ruyunyongdetinengshoudaolianghaodexiaoguo。“mudansuihao，haiyaolvyefuchi”。ruxuanyongzhanzhelvyedeshuishanzhi，goulechuchahuazaoxingdelunkuo，zaicharujizhifenhongsedechanglanhuoshenhongsedeyueji。kexiangerzhi，xianhuazailvzhideyingchenxiagengxianjiaoyan。zairujiangjizhishanhushuzhihejiduobaisedematilianhuahechazaiyiqi．yansebingbuhuali，quexiandesuyadafang。

　　huahuijiandehelipeizhi，haiyingzhuyisecaidezhongliangganhetilianggan。secaidezhongliangganzhuyaoqujueyumingdu，mingdugaozhexiandeqing，mingdudizhexiandezhong。zhengqueyunyongsecaidezhonglianggan，keshisecaiguanxipinghenghewending。liruzaichahuadeshangbuyongqingse，xiabuyongzhongse，huozheshitijixiaodehuatiyongzhongse，tijidadehuatiyongqingse。

　　secaidetizhongganyumingduhesexiangyouguan。mingduyuegao，pengzhangganyueqiang ；mingduyuedi，shousuoganyueqiang。nuansejuyoupengzhanggan，lengsezeyoushousuogan。zaichahuasecaishejizhong．keyiliyongsecaidezheiyixingzhi，zaizaoxingguodadeliubufenshidangcaiyongshousuose，guoxiaodebufenshidangcaiyongpengzhangse。

　　huahuiyurongqidesecaiyaoqiuxiediao，danbingbuyaoqiuyizhi，zhuyaoconglianggefangmianjinxingpeihe：yishicaiyongduibisezuhe．lingyishidiaohesezujie。duibipeiseyoumingduduibi，jisecaiminganchengdudeduibi，yechengheibaiduibi。ruzaiheisedehuaqizhizhong，charubaisedematilianhua，yianyimingzaochengduibi，jiunengqidaosecaixianmingdexiaoguo。

　　huahuiyuqiminyousexiangchabieerxingchengdeduibijiaosexiangduibi。sexiangduibiyouqiangruozhifen，zhuyaoyouduibisexianghehubusexiangdeduibi。duibisexiangduibideseganbijiaoxianyan、qianglie．juyoubaoman、huali、huanle、huoyuedeganqingtedian，rongyishirenxingfen、jidong。hubusexiangduibishixiangyingdesecaiduibi，yeshizuiqiangdesexiangduibi，ruhonghuayuqinglvsehuaqi．huanghuayuqingzisehuaqideng。zhongguochuantongpeisezhongyou“hongjianlv，huacucu”，“hongpeilv，kanxiaozu”deshuofa。

　　lengnuanduibiyeshihuahuiyuqiminpeisedezhuyaofangfa。caiyonglengnuanduibidesecai，xiaoguohuixiandeshengdongqimi。ruyonghulanseshuipen，chafenhongsedehehua，zheiyanglengsedepenyunuansedehuaxingchenglelengnuanduibi，gengjinyibuhongtuochuhuadewumei。zaiyibanqingkuangxia，chahuaqimindeyanseshishensede，huakechaqiansede；qiminsecaishidansede，huakechashensede，yibianxingchengduibi。

　　yunyongdiaoheselaichulihuayuqimindeguanxi，nengshirenchanshengqingsong、shushigan。fangfashicaiyongsexiangxiangtongershenqianbutongdeyansechulihuayuqidesecaiguanxi，yekecaiyongtongleisehejinsisechuli。tongleiserujuhongyudahong、lvyuqinglvsedeng。jinsiseyouhongyucheng、chengyuhuang、huangyulv、lvyuqingdeng。jinsisedesejufanweijiaoda，youyidingdeduibixing．rongyibiaoxianchusecaidefengfuxinghexingchengsecaidejiezouyuyunlv。

    chahuahaikeyiliyongzhongxingsejinxingdiaohe，ruhei、bai、jin、yin、huidengzhongxingsedehuaqi，duihuahuiyoudiaohezuoyong。yekeyongjinyinsizhuangshizaihuazhong，shihuahuiyuqimindeduibisezhongyougexingseweimeijieerdiaohe。chahuajuyouyidingdezhuangshizuoyong。ruguonianguojiehuoxiqingrizizuoweizhuangshipinmeihuahuanjing，bawuneiwaizhuangshidianzhuichengyipianjierideqifen，jituomeihaodelixiang，zhenfenrenmendejingshen。chahuadesecaiyaogenjuhuanjingdebaocailaipeizhi。ruzaibaidilanwendehuapingli．charufenhongsedeerqiaoyulanhua，baishezaichuantongxingshidehongmujiajushang，guseguxiang．minzuqifennongyu。zaihuanjingsejiaoshendeqingkuangxia，chahuasecaiyixuanzedanyaweiyi：huanjingsejianjiemingliangde．chahuasecaikeyiyongdenongyuxianyanyixie。

　　chahuasecaihaiyaogenjujijiebianhualaiyunyong。chuntianlibaihuashengkai，zhongfangzhengyan，daochushiwanziganhongdejingse。cishichahuashixuanzesecaixianyandecailiao，jirenyiqingsonghuopo、shengjiangrandeganshou。xiatian，chahuadesecaiyaoqiuqingyisudan、mingjingqingkuai。shidangdixuanyongyixielengsediaodehua，jirenyiqingliangzhigan。daoleqiutian，manmuhongpopodeguoshi，bianyejincancandedaogu。cishichahuakexuanyonghong、huangdengmingyandehuazuozhujing，yuhuangjinjijiexiangwenhe，jirenliuxiaxingwangdexiaxiang。dongtiandelailin，bansuizhehanfengyubingshuang。zheishichahuayinggaiyinuansediaoweizhu，chashangsecainongyudehuahui，jirenyiyingfengpoxuedeboboshengji。

色彩的感情效果

　　secainenggouyingxiangrendeqingxu。butongdesecaihuiyinqibutongdexinlifanying。butongdeminzuhechuantongxiguan，butongdewenhuaxiuyang、xingbie、nianlingdeng，huiduisecaichanshengbutongdelianxiangxiaoguo。

　　secaibenshenshimeiyourenheganxingneirongde，zhiyoudangrendesixiangyishiyuqilianxiqilaideshihou，caihuichuxiansecaideganshouyulianxiang。youxuduoguojiaheminzuduimouxieyanseyoujihui。rubaxirenyizonghuangseweidexiongsangzhise．lijieshirensihaobihuangyecongshushangluoxialai，suoyijihui。bilishirenzuijilanse．ruyubujilideshidouchuanlansedefuzhuang。aisaiebiyarenchuantanhuangsedefuzhuang．shiduisizhebiaoshishenqieaidao。ouzhouxuduoguojiadouyiheiseweisanglideyanse。shierqirenbuzhiketing、litang、fangjianshi，xiyongsuse，jinyonghuase。zaiwoguo，renmenduisecaiderenshiyeshiduozhongduoyang．dazhishizheiyangde：

　　红色：具有艳丽、热烈、富贵、兴奋之情。人们习惯用红花束表示喜庆、吉祥。
　　橙色：是丰收之色，表示明朗、甜美、成熟和丰收。
　　黄色：有一种富丽堂皇的富贵气．象征光辉、高贵和尊严。我国帝皇殿宇装饰的琉璃瓦是黄色的．以示至高无上。在丧仪上、黄色的花使用十分普遍。
　　绿色：富有生机，富有春天气息，又具有健康、安详、宁静的象征意义
蓝色：有安静、深远和清新的感觉．往住和碧蓝的大海联系在一起，使人心胸豁达。但从消极方面来看，也有阴郁、贫寒和冷淡之感。
　　紫色：有华丽高贵的感觉。淡紫色还能使人觉得柔和、娴静。
　　白色：是纯洁的象征，具有一种朴素、高雅的本质。但是白色显得单调，在我国民族习惯中．还有悲哀的含意。
　　黑色：具有坚实、含蓄、庄严、肃穆的感觉．同时黑色又易与黑暗联系在一起。
　　secaidexiangzhenghelianxiangshiyigefuzadexinlifanying，shoudaolishi、dili、minzu、zongjiao、fengsuxiguandengduozhongyinsudeyingxiang，bingbushijueduide，zaichahuashizhinengzuoweisecaiyunyongdecankao，eryinganticaineirongheguanshangduixiangjinxingsecaisheji。