仙客来品种及最全养护知识

xiankelai（cyclamen persicum mill.），biemingluobuhaitang、tuerhua、tuzihua、yipinguan、gouhuohua、fanbanlian，shibaochunhuake、xiankelaishuduonianshengcaobenzhiwu，yepianyoukuaijingdingbushengchu，xinxing、luanxinghuoshenxing，yepianyouxijuchi，yemianlvse，juyoubaisehuohuiseyunban，yebeilvsehuoanhongse，yebingjiaozhang，honghese。xiankelaishiyizhongpubianzhongzhidexianhua，shihezhongzhiyushineihuapen，dongjizexuwenshizhongzhi。xiankelaidemouxiezaipeizhongyounongyudexiangqi，eryouxiexiangqidanhuowuxiangqi。

名字由来

xiankelaiweishijiezhuminghuahui，yuanchandizaiouzhounanbuxiladengdizhonghaidiqu。cihuahuaseyanli，huaxingdute，gangshenchulaidehuabaobujuanbubian，wanrumiantianhaixiudeshaonv；dengkaifangshi，fanjuandehuaguan，sizuidiepianpianqiwu，youxiangtuzideerduo，henxiangshenhua“changebenyue”zhongdeyuegongyutu。yinci，zheihuayoujiaotuerhua。 

zhongguoshizaishangshijiersanshiniandaikaishishaoliangyinruxiankelaijinxingzaipeide，qizhongwenmingchengjushuoshiguohuadashizhangdaqianxianshenggenjuyingwenming“cyclamen”defayinerqude，jifuheyinyun，yiyiyouhao。

一、仙客来的品种

xiankelaihuasexianyan，huaxingheyepiandouhenbiezhi，jijuguanshangjiazhi。qipinzhongfanduo，youzheqingxinmirendehuazi，shifentaorenxihuan，shizhuangdianketing，jushihekuizengqinpenghaoyoudezhongyaohuahui。neimexiankelaidouyouxieshenmeyangdepinzhongna？

仙客来的主要变种

大花仙客来

huada，bai，honghuozhezise；

暗红仙客来

花大，暗红色。

xiankelaideyuanyipinzhonganzhaohuaxinglaijinxingfenlei

大花型

shiyuanyipinzhongdedaibiaoxinghuaxing。huada，huabanpingshen，quanyuan，kaihuadeshihouhuabanfanjuan。youdanban，fuban，zhongban，yinye，xiangbian，fangxiangdengduogepinzhong，yeyuanjuchijiaoqianqiebuxianzhu。

平瓣型

huabanpingzhan，bianyuanjuyouxiquekehebozhou，bidahuaxingdehuabanzhai。hualeijianxing，yeyuandejuchibijiaoxianzhu。

洛可可型

huabanbianyuanbozhouyouxiqueke。bingbuxiangdahuaxingneiyangdekaihuafanjuan，xiangfan，tashichuixialaichengxianchubankaidezhuangtai。huabanjiaokuan，dingbuchengshanxing。xiangweibijiaonongyu，hualeidingbuchengyuanxing，yeyuanjuchibijiaoxianchu，yourenjiangpingbanxingheluokekexinghechengweiyuanshixing。

皱边型

shipingbangenluokekedegailiangxing。huada，bianyuanyouxiquekehebozhou，kaihuadeshihouhuabanhuifanjuan。

banshuzaishimeiyishang，buhuifanjuan，banshaoduan，xiongruichangchanghuituihua。yihuaxing，huase，zhizhudaxiao，waiguantezhengfenlei

大花系

weidongjizhuyaodehaohuapenzaihuaxing，huada，secaixianyan，zhongleifanduo，guanshangxingjiazhigao，duiwendudeyaoqiubijiaoyange，nanyiyanghu，shengzhangshihedewenduzai10-28℃，gaoyu30℃guanlibudangbianhuiluoyexiumian，diyu7℃bianhuiyanchikaihua，huaqidepingjunwendugaoyu15℃，huizaochengxingsanerhunluan，yingxiangshangpindejiazhi。

中型系

zhuxingjincou，fenghuamiji，huazhongxing。gaixiliezhongyeyouzhizhuaixiao，kaidahua，jiaoweirongyizaipeidepinzhong。

杂交一代系

shixiankelaichunhetizajiaoyidai，qitedianshishengzhangjianzhuang，kaihuazhengqi，kangbingliqiang。

微型系

youjiaozuominixi，xiaoqiaolinglong，nenggouzaishoushangguanshang，huaxiaoruzhijiagai，changdaixiangwei。

巨大花系

也称拉丁系，花大。

各色仙客来

xiankelaiyuanchanyuouzhoudenanbu，beiaihuarenshisuozaipeidelishiyidadao300nianzhijiu。18shijiyoudeguochuanchu，houlaifengmilezhenggeouzhou，bingbuduanbeiyuanyijiamengailiangpinzhong，zuizhongchengweileshijiexingdeguanshanghuahui，zaiwoguoyeshenshouaihuazhemendetuichong。

二、养护管理

1.萌芽期管理

仙客来幼苗

土壤

yaoqiutouqixinglianghaodenitanhezhenzhuyananzhaoyidingdebilijinxinghunhe，qiphzhiwei6-6.5，wendushizhong，buyaoguoshi。

温度

xiankelaishengzhangzuishiyidewenduzai20~25℃，danzaimengyaqianyingshidangjiangdiwendu，jiangqikongzhizai18℃。

光照

fayaqi（dayue21tian）wuxuguangzhao，quanbuheian。zhongzimengyayaoqiudekongqishiduwei95％（zuihaoyoufayashi），jiangxuepanyongsuliaomofugai。

遮盖

bozhonghou，jiangzhongziyongzhishihuozhenzhuyanfugai，houduyiganghaozhezhuzhongziweiyi。

2.苗期管理

萌芽后的管理

相对湿度

kongzhizai85%zuoyou，biyaoshikejinxingpenwutigaoxiangduideshidu。

光照

dangwaijiedeguangzhaoqiangduchaoguo35kluxing，jianyishiyongzheyangwang，huojiangzhongzixuepanyongwufangbuzhegai，yibaochizhongzishirun。

施肥

genjuyoumiaozhangshi，congbozhonghoudi5zhoukaishishifei，n∶p∶kbiliwei1∶1∶1。youmiaoyepianyaoyouguangze，ruochenganhongse，zexushifei。

浇水

jiaoshuishibukedashuimanguan，yingyongshuihutiejinnitujiaosa。kongzhishuiwendayu14℃。

移栽

zaibozhonghoudi10dao11zhouyizai，chaojiweixingheminizhuxingkezhijieshangpen。

1．jizhiyaoyongtouqixinglianghaodenitan、yidingbilidezhantu（10％）hezhenzhuyanhunhe，qiphzhiwei6zhi6.5，zaijizhizhongjiashidanggaifeikedadaomude。shiyongyicixinghuoyixiaoduxuepan，buyaoyongmuzhixuepan。

2．yizaiturangganghaofugaigenxi，shixiaoqiujingluzaiwaimian，qiewuyongshouxiangxiaanyaxiaomiaojizhouweiturang。

3．shengzhangtiaojianxiangduishidu：baochizai65％dao85％zhijian，ketongguopenwulaizengjiashidu。

huamuzaipeijinrudaolesansiyuefen，cishiqihouduobian，xuepandikanglijiruo，yincimiaoqideguanlifeichangzhongyao。benwenxiaobianjiuzhuyaojiangjiexiankelaidemiaoqiguanli。

xiankelaimiaoqizuizhongyaodeguanlicuoshijiushifangbing，zhiyaobahaozheiyiguan，houxushengchanjiubijiaorongyile。zaixiankelaidingzhishixuyaojiaoyibiantoushui，bingqiehaiyaopeihepenyaoyiqijinxing。youyuliandaojundengbingjunyouhenzhangdeqianfuqi，erxiankelaiyoutebierongyiganran，suoyidingzhihouyingdangmeizhoujinxingyicishajunpenyaodegongzuo。

dingzhihou，yaozaiwenshikaichuangchuanzhuangfangchongwang，wenshineixuanguahuangban，jiaqiangduijima、yachonghemanchongdejiankong，fangzhichonghaidamianjifasheng。dingqiduiwenshijizhoubianhuanjingpensashachongji，duichonghaijinxingyouxiaodeyaowufangzhi。duibinghaidefangzhiyaoconghuanjingkongzhirushou，diaokongwenshineidehuanjingtiaojian，dingqipenshiguangpuxingshajunjijinxingyaowufangzhi。yaoxuanzexiankelaichangyongdeshachongjiheshajunji，nongduyinggenjunongyaoyouxiaochengfenhanliangheshiyongshuomingqueding，bingqieyaojiaotishiyong，fangzhizhizhuchanshengkangyaoxing。duiyuweizaixiankelaishangyingyongguodeyaowu，zaidamianjishiyongqianyaojinxingxiaoguimoshiyan，fangzhizaochengyaohai。

dingzhihou，wenshiwendukeyikongzhizai20℃zuoyou，huanmiaohouyoumiaoduiwendudeshiyingfanweizengjia，kekongzhizai15℃zhi28℃。zaiciqijian，kezaishihedewendufanweineijinliangladazhouyewencha，cujinzhongmiaoqiujingzengda，peiyuzhuangmiao，binggenjuxiankelaizhongmiaodegenxihezhongqiushengzhangqingkuangshiyongduiyingdefeiliao。

3.如何浇水

xiankelaiweixiliangzhiwu,xiajiweixiumianqi,qiudongchunweishengzhangqi,youyinweixiankelaiweiqiugenhuahui，suoyixiankelaidejiaoshuijiubiandezhiguanzhongyao，benwenxiaobianjiudaininxiangjiexiankelairuhejiaoshui。

仙客来浇水误区

浇水太多

xiankelaishuyuqiugenhuahui，xihuanbanyinandehuanjing。xiankelaizaishuifenxishoudefangmianxiandeyouxiemaodun，tabijiaoxihuanshirundeshengzhanghuanjing，danshiqueyouhaipajiaoshuitaiduo，yinci，meitianjiaoshuideshihou，yaoshiliangjiaoyicibaochipentudeshirun，tongshihaiyaokongzhijiaoshuiliang，pentushangyidingbuyaojishui，yimianfushiletadegenbu。

禁止叶面喷水

xiankelaideyezishimaorongye，qianwanbunengzaiyemianjinxingpenshui，daozhiyezidefubai，bingyidongdaobeifengyinliangchujinxingyanghu。xiankelaiyaoqiuturangtongtouxinghaodeshazhirangtu，keyishiyongfuyetu，nitan，heshashannidenganzhaoyidingdepeifangjinxingpeizhi。ranhouanzhaotadebenxingjinxinghuli。

水多烂根

jiaoshuideshihouyaoshidangjinxingkongzhi，shuifenguoduohuizaochenglangen，kedaihuaheyepianqingduweiniandeshihouzaijinxingjiaoshui，jiaoshuikeyishiyongpendijinshuidefangshi，buyaowangyemianshangguoduodelinshui。 

仙客来正确浇水方法

见干见湿

 xiankelaiyingdangfangzhizaibanyinliangshuangdehuanjingzhong，qiejibuyaofangzhizainuanqishangjinxingbaifang，baochiturangjianganjianshi，meitiantongfengyixiaoshizuoyou。

花期浇水方法。

 huaqishidexiankelaizhuyijiaoshui，jiaoshuideshihou，kandaopendiyoushuiyichuzuihao，buyaojiangshuijiaodaohuozhependaohuashang，fouzejianghuidaozhihuaduodefulan。shishuideshihouyingdangfangzhidaoyinliangchujinxingjiaotou，shuidephzhiyao≤7，jizhongxingzhiweisuanxing。

常见病害：

1.叶子卷曲发黄

jiejue：quefayingyang，xuyaozhuajinshifei，daohuadianmaizhuanyongdefeiliaobukeguoduodejihuahuibuchongyingyang，pingshikeyishaoliangdejipenlimaiyixieshuhuangdou，shuhuashengmideng。

花蕾干枯

浇水不当。

jiejue：xiankelaihuayanghaolenengyiniankailiangjihua，zhuyaoshichunjiheqiuji。xihuanbanzheyindehuanjing，buyaozaiyangguangxiajinxing，yaozaixiumianqishaojinxingjiaoshui，baochiturangdeshirunjike，yifangzhigenbushuifenguoduolandiao。jiaoshuideshihoujianganjianshiyicijiaotou，buyaotiantianjinxingjiaoshui，yinweixiankelaishiqiuzhuanggenyouchushuidegongneng，shuijiaoduolejiurongyichanshengdiaohualeiyezifahuang，chunjixuyaosantianzuoyoujinxingyicijiaoshui，daoleqiutianwutianzuoyoujiaoyicijike。

仙客来叶子

主要原因

光照：xiankelaishiyifangzhizaichuanghu，yangtaidengguangzhaochongzudedifang，jingchanggaibianhuapendeweizhi。guangzhaochongzukeyishihuaduogengjiayanli，yepiangengjiajuyouguangze，xiankelaideguangzhaobuzuhuishiqiyepianfahuang。

次要原因

水分：jiaoshuiyaoshidangjinxingkongzhi，shuifenguoduohuizaochenglangendexianxiang，dengdaihuaheyeziqingduweiniandeshihouzaijinxingjiaoshui，zuihaoshiyongpendijinshui，buyaowangyemianshangguoduodelinshui。

通风：xiankelaixihuantongfengdedifang，yanchenhewuzhuodekongqihuishihuabangankudiaoxie，danyebunengjiangqifangzhizaifengkouchu。

温度：5℃yishangdeshiwenkeyishixiankelaizhengchangjinxingshengzhang。shiwenpiandikeyishixiankelaibaochijiaozhangshijiandehuaqi，danshichuhuabijiaoman；shiwenpiangaodeshihouchuhuajiaokuai，danshihuaqijiaoduan。

湿度：shiduyingdangbaochizai60-70%。shiduguoxiaohuishihuaduobianxiao，shiduguodahuishihuaban，yepianchuxianhuimeibingheqitazhenjunxingbing。yanjinzaihuabanshangjinxingpenshui，fouzehuizaochenghuabandefulan。

2.烂根

仙客来烂根原因

zhuyaoyuanyinyouwendudi，bingjunganrandeng，zuichangjiandeyuanyinshixiajidegaowenmenre，tongfengbuliang，huozhejishuiguoduozaocheng。

浇水过多

shengzhangqijianjiaoshuiguoduohuishipentushuifenchuyubaohedezhuangtai，genbuzhangqichuyuyigezhixidezhuangtai，xishounenglishuaitui，tuzhongqueyang，xijunhuoyue，chanshenglexuduoyouhaideqiti，congerdaozhikuaijingfulan。

上盆施肥不当

xiankelaishiqiugenzhiwu，genbudezhengchangshengzhangguanxidaozhenggezhizhudejiankangzhuangkuang。ruoshangpenshikuaijingdezaizhongbijiaoshen，shifeideshihouyanmeiqidingbu，yerongyiyinqifulan。

仙客来烂根处理方法

避免仙客来烂根的方法

weilebimianxiankelailangendeqingkuang，zaijiaoshuideshihou，bunengzhijiedangtoujiaoxia，zheiyang，kuaijingdezhongyanghuiyoujishui，zhengquedefangfashi，bayepianqingqingtaiqi，yanzhehuapendebianyuan，huanmanjinxingjiaoguan。bingqie，baozhengbuganbujiaodeyuanze。shifeideshihouyeshizheiyangde，lingwai，shifeibukeyitainong，fouzehuishaogen。zaixiajideshihou，yaozhuyijixiankelaifangshujiangwen。

仙客来烂根处理方法

ruguoxiankelaideqiugenbufenyijingfulan，keyonglirenjiangfulanbufenqiechudiao，zaishangkouchutumocaomuhui，yinganshangkou，zhongxinzaizhidaotoushuitouqideturangdangzhong，dayueyigeyuezhubujinxinghuifu，cijianjinliangshaojinxingjiaoshui。ruguodabufenyijingfulan，jiumeiyouhuifudejiazhile，jianyipaoqi。